Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging Station Using Wireless Power Transmission

Abstract

Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) technology has emerged as a transformative approach to charging Electric Vehicles (EVs) by enabling efficient energy transfer without physical connectors. This research focuses on the design and implementation of a wireless charging station utilizing resonant inductive coupling for contactless power delivery. The primary objective is to develop a system that ensures high transfer efficiency, user convenience, and enhanced safety while addressing challenges such as coil misalignment and energy losses. The motivation behind this work stems from the growing need for sustainable and intelligent EV charging infrastructure that supports automation and reduces dependency on conventional plug-in systems. The proposed WPT system comprises a transmitter and receiver coil pair, designed to operate at a resonant frequency optimized for maximum coupling efficiency. Power electronic converters are employed to regulate and condition the transmitted power. Experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the system achieves a peak efficiency of approximately 90–92% at a transfer distance of around 10–15 cm, with minimal performance degradation under slight misalignment. These findings validate the potential of WPT-based charging stations as a practical and scalable solution for next-generation electric vehicle charging networks, paving the way for fully automated and dynamic charging applications.

Introduction

The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has created a demand for efficient, safe, and convenient charging solutions. Conventional plug-in charging systems, though widely used, face limitations such as connector wear, human error, safety risks, and limited accessibility, particularly for autonomous vehicles. Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) emerges as a promising alternative, using electromagnetic induction or resonant magnetic coupling to transfer energy contactlessly. This technology simplifies charging, enhances safety, reduces maintenance, and supports integration with smart transportation and green energy systems.

Key Points:

1. Electric Vehicle Background:

   • EVs reduce reliance on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions.

   • Advances in batteries, motors, and control systems have improved performance and affordability.

   • Policies worldwide support EV adoption and infrastructure development.

2. Limitations of Plug-in Charging:

   • Requires manual connection, leading to wear, safety hazards, and inconvenience.

   • Weather exposure and connector degradation reduce reliability.

   • Limited automation and compatibility issues exist for public and autonomous use.

3. Importance of WPT:

   • Enables contactless energy transfer via inductive or resonant coupling.

   • Enhances safety, automation, and system durability.

   • Supports static, dynamic, and quasi-dynamic charging modes.

   • Can integrate with smart grids and renewable energy systems.

4. Research Objectives:

   • Design, model, and evaluate an EV wireless charging station.

   • Optimize coil design, resonant frequency, alignment, and distance for efficiency.

   • Explore integration with smart grid and renewable energy sources.

5. Literature Review:

   • Conventional charging methods are effective but limited in convenience and safety.

   • WPT research focuses on inductive and resonant coupling, coil optimization, and control strategies.

   • Static, dynamic, and quasi-dynamic charging each have advantages and limitations.

   • Challenges remain in efficiency, interoperability, EMF safety, and infrastructure costs.

6. Theoretical Background:

   • WPT relies on electromagnetic induction; resonant coupling improves efficiency.

   • Maxwell’s equations underpin the design and optimization of WPT systems.

   • Mutual inductance, coil design, and operating frequency critically affect power transfer efficiency and system performance.

Conclusion

This research successfully demonstrates the potential of wireless power transmission (WPT) technology in developing efficient, safe, and user-friendly electric vehicle (EV) charging systems. By analyzing the principles of electromagnetic induction and resonant coupling, the study highlights how optimized coil design, frequency tuning, and alignment can significantly improve energy transfer efficiency. The designed model and simulation results indicate that wireless EV charging can achieve high transmission efficiency with minimal energy loss when operating within optimal coupling and frequency conditions. Moreover, the integration of intelligent control circuits and compensation networks enhances performance and system stability. The main contributions of this research include: • Development of a conceptual framework for wireless EV charging stations. • Analysis of magnetic resonance coupling parameters affecting power efficiency. • Evaluation of energy transfer distance and coil geometry. • Proposal of a safe and sustainable method for contactless energy transfer.

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Lect. Yogesh Ghodkhande, Mr. Pratik Kumar, Mr. Vikas Bashine, Mr. Yash Bhagat, Mr. Gaurav Mutkure. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.